BBC | Spain's Supreme Court has ruled that a man kissing the hand of a woman without her consent can constitute sexual assault.
In a case that dates back to 2023, a man approached a woman at a bus stop in Madrid, kissed her hand and made gestures to suggest she follow him and that he would pay her.
A court found the man guilty of sexual assault and fined him €1,620 (£1,400; $1,858), a sanction that was upheld by Madrid's provincial tribunal.
The convicted man took the case to the Supreme Court, arguing that there had been no violence or intimidation in his interaction with the woman.
According to court documents, he argued that the victim "might have felt bothered, offended, victim of an intrusion into her comfort zone, but there was never a clear risk for her sexual integrity".
He also argued that the incident had occurred in a public place, near a police station and in full daylight. At the most, his legal team said, his actions constituted the lesser crime of harassment of a sexual nature in a public place.
However, in its ruling, the Supreme Court found that the encounter had exceeded mere harassment, stating that there had been "a clear sexual component because he even kissed [her hand]."
A woman, the court added, "cannot tolerate being subjected to a man taking her hand and kissing her without consent in acts that have a clear and obvious sexual connotation".
