Leadership failure is forcing young Ugandans to risk everything for opportunities abroad

The Ugandan diaspora is one of the country’s largest economic contributors, providing employment for many and sending vital remittances back home to support families and communities.

However, the debate surrounding the diaspora’s role in national policy and planning continues to evolve.

Key questions remain: Should the diaspora have representation in Parliament? Is there a need for a dedicated Ministry for Diaspora Affairs? Or would a comprehensive National Diaspora Policy be the most effective solution?

In an interview, Brian Mushana Kwesiga, former leader of the Uganda North American Association (UNAA), discussed how the migration of young Ugandans to regions like the Middle East, Europe, and North America brings both opportunities and challenges.

The recent diaspora convention in Kampala, organised by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, aimed to engage the diaspora more effectively. As a delegate, what were the key goals and issues discussed at the event

The convention was an effort by the Ugandan government to engage the diaspora more effectively. Specifically, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs wanted to explore how Uganda could gain more from its diaspora, not just in terms of remittances but also through skills and experience.

In 2023 alone, Ugandans in the diaspora sent $1.4 billion in remittances back home. That is 3% of Uganda’s GDP, ranking us among the top 10 African countries receiving remittances.

Some years, remittances even exceed coffee exports in revenue. The government’s goal, based on various discussions, is to increase this contribution to 10% of GDP.

Just for clarity, could you explain the difference between remittances and foreign direct investment (FDI)?

In 2023, Africa received $90 billion in remittances more than the combined total of FDI and official development assistance (ODA).

Remittances are the money sent directly by individuals in the diaspora to their families and communities back home.

FDI, on the other hand, refers to investments made by foreign entities, such as companies setting up operations in Uganda.

Remittances have a more direct impact on households, providing funds for education, healthcare, and small businesses.

By contrast, FDI often focuses on large-scale projects and infrastructure.

Are their earnings considered part of the diaspora remittances? And what is the government’s stance on this issue?

Yes, the money sent home by these young women and men working in the Middle East is part of Uganda’s remittance figures.

Historically, Uganda’s diaspora policy was focused on bringing back professionals who fled during times of turmoil.

For instance, after the National Resistance Movement (NRM) came to power in 1986, there was an effort to encourage Ugandan professionals to return and contribute to rebuilding the country.

However, as remittances became more significant, the government shifted focus.

While the work done by young Ugandans in the Middle East may not be glamorous, it provides them with skills and exposure.

Some work as mechanics, airport staff, or in other technical roles, gaining knowledge that they can later apply at home.

That said, more needs to be done to protect these workers, ensure safe working conditions, and provide pre-departure orientation to avoid unfortunate incidents.

For example, I shared during the conference that in Saudi Arabia, if a visa expires, a worker’s access to their bank accounts is immediately frozen.

Such situations highlight the need for better education and policies to safeguard our workers abroad.

That is a troubling scenario. Do you think the government distinguishes between skilled professionals like yourself and untrained workers heading to the Middle East?

Unfortunately, there doesn’t seem to be much differentiation in government policy.

For instance, while professionals like Professor Charles Kwesiga and myself bring advanced skills and networks from abroad, the majority of our diaspora especially those heading to the Middle East lack formal training.

Their jobs often don’t enhance their skills significantly.

However, even those in low-skilled roles gain some level of exposure and experience that can be valuable if properly harnessed.

The government’s focus appears to be on maximizing remittances without adequately addressing the diverse needs and contributions of different diaspora groups.

You mentioned earlier the need for a National Diaspora Policy. Why is this important, and what would it involve?

A National Diaspora Policy would help streamline the government’s engagement with Ugandans abroad. Currently, we are operating on guesswork.

For example, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) estimates there are about two million Ugandans living abroad.

However, we lack accurate data on their exact numbers, locations, and skills.

A comprehensive policy would require the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to conduct a mapping exercise, identifying where our people are, what they do, and how they can contribute.

This policy would also establish clear guidelines for leveraging diaspora contributions, whether through remittances, investments, or skills transfer.

Other countries, such as India and the Philippines, have successfully implemented similar policies, and Uganda can learn from their experiences.

Returning to remittances, how do you think we can increase the amount sent back home? And is it realistic to target 10% of GDP?

Achieving 10% of GDP is ambitious but not impossible.

The key lies in creating incentives for the diaspora to send more money home. For instance, reducing transaction costs for remittances can make a big difference.

Currently, sending money to Uganda is expensive compared to other regions.

The government could also partner with financial institutions to offer diaspora-friendly products, such as savings accounts and investment opportunities.

Additionally, fostering trust is crucial. Diaspora Ugandans need assurance that their money is being used effectively, whether for personal projects or national development initiatives.

Clear communication and accountability on government-led programs can go a long way in building this trust.

Beyond remittances, how can the diaspora contribute to Uganda’s development?

The diaspora has immense potential beyond financial contributions.

For instance, Ugandans abroad have access to advanced education, technology, and professional networks.

These can be leveraged to drive innovation and skills transfer.

Programs such as mentorship for young entrepreneurs, collaborations with local universities, and participation in research projects can create significant impact.

The diaspora can play a role in advocacy and diplomacy. As ambassadors for Uganda, they can promote tourism, attract investors, and influence global perceptions of the country.

For this to happen effectively, there needs to be a structured approach, possibly under a dedicated Ministry for Diaspora Affairs or a similar body.

Do you think representation in Parliament would help address some of the diaspora’s concerns?

It is an interesting idea. Having a diaspora representative in Parliament could amplify our voices and ensure that our issues are taken seriously.

However, representation alone is not enough. What is more important is the implementation of policies that address the diaspora’s needs.

For instance, providing support for those seeking to invest in Uganda or creating platforms for meaningful engagement. Representation should be part of a broader strategy rather than a standalone solution.

Let’s shift focus to Ugandans who migrate for work. Do you see pathways for them to transition from low-skilled jobs to better opportunities?

Absolutely. Many Ugandans who start with low-skilled jobs eventually acquire new skills and move up the ladder.

For instance, someone working in a kitchen can advance to managing a restaurant or starting their own business.

However, this requires support systems both in their host countries and back home.

Training programs, mentorship, and access to financial resources are critical.

The government could also collaborate with host countries to provide certification programs that enhance employability and mobility.

Do you believe the diaspora’s potential is fully recognized in Uganda?

Not entirely. While there’s growing awareness of the diaspora’s financial contributions, their broader potential remains underutilized.

For example, the knowledge and expertise of professionals in fields like medicine, engineering, and technology could be instrumental in driving Uganda’s development.

However, there’s limited effort to tap into these resources systematically.

A National Diaspora Policy could address this gap by creating platforms for collaboration and recognizing the diverse ways the diaspora can contribute.

Uganda’s diaspora is among the top contributors to the country’s economy. Can you clarify where you stand in terms of contributions?

Yes, the diaspora is a significant contributor. In fact, we are tied at the top in contributions, alongside coffee exports.

So, we’re essentially the number one contributor to Uganda’s foreign exchange earnings.

Let’s dive into the issues you are advocating for. One of your key priorities is pushing for a diaspora policy and possibly a diaspora law.

Could you elaborate on why this is important?

Absolutely. A diaspora policy or legal framework would help manage and support diaspora engagement more effectively.

Currently, we have no formal representation, despite being among the top contributors to Uganda’s economy.

For example, some of our members have suggested that we deserve representation in Parliament.

While critics argue that this could open the door for other sectors, like coffee or tourism, to demand the same, we are saying, if representation isn’t possible, then at least grant us the right to vote.

Other countries are doing it. Additionally, creating an autonomous body for diaspora affairs would foster better engagement and trust.

Why is trust and visibility important for diaspora Ugandans?

Many of us send money home for family-related needs like school fees, medical bills, or building homes.

However, there is often mismanagement you send money for a house, and it’s either not built or done at an exaggerated cost.

Beyond personal contributions, the diaspora currently accounts for about 3% of Uganda’s GDP. If the government wants to increase that to 10%, it requires more than just remittances for basic needs.

It means encouraging us to make larger investments like in real estate or business.

For us to take those high-risk decisions, we need guarantees, trust, and an enabling environment. A legal framework would ensure that our investments are protected.

You have been engaging with various government agencies, including the Uganda Investment Authority and technocrats. Have there been tangible results?

Yes, progress has been made, though slowly. For instance, in 2013, we advocated for reducing the fees for dual citizenship applications from $400 to $200.

This was achieved, and the process was decentralized to cities like Washington, DC, New York, and London.

Similarly, visa fees were reduced from $100 to $50. We also requested the introduction of NIRA services abroad, enabling diaspora Ugandans to obtain national IDs without returning to Uganda.

These changes show progress, but there’s still a long way to go.

Beyond personal remittances, how has the diaspora engaged in larger investments?

We are seeing increasing involvement in real estate and commercial ventures.

For instance, some diasporans are building condos in Uganda, like Mr. Wilson, a former UNAA president.

These are positive steps, but they are just the tip of the iceberg.

With the right policies and trust-building measures, the diaspora’s investment potential could be fully realized.

The recent convention was a step in the right direction, fostering dialogue and collaboration between diasporans and government agencies.

Speaking of the convention, how effective was it in addressing diaspora concerns?

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs played a significant role in organizing it, bringing together key government entities like the Citizenship and Immigration Directorate, NIRA, and the Electoral Commission.

While the ministry doesn’t implement policies directly, its coordination efforts were commendable. However, there’s a need for more follow-through to ensure that these discussions lead to actionable outcomes.

How does Uganda benefit from the skills and expertise you have acquired during your stay in Diaspora?

I think it depends on what the country is looking for and whether the skills I have acquired align with its needs.

We live in a private-sector-driven world, where it’s all about a willing buyer and a willing seller.

If someone values your skill set and the terms and conditions are favorable, you are more likely to engage.

Uganda can benefit from such skills, but only if there’s a willingness to invest in attracting and retaining talent.

The global market is highly competitive, with countries and companies vying for the best talent.

If Uganda wants to hire and retain top professionals, it needs to offer competitive compensation and policies, similar to what other players in the market provide.

Patriotism alone doesn’t pay bills or school fees, but because it’s our country of birth and descent, many professionals in the diaspora would be willing to work in Uganda, even for slightly less pay.

However, it’s critical for the government to establish the right policies and actively engage with the diaspora to create mutually beneficial opportunities.

Many young Ugandans are striving to leave the country in search of opportunities abroad, such as in the Middle East, Europe, or North America.

Unfortunately, this has led to crises like deaths on the Mediterranean Sea.

What advice do you have for young Ugandans who are eager to migrate, and how should this issue be addressed?

It is heartbreaking. As a student of history, I can’t help but recall how, 400 years ago, Africans were taken to Europe and North America as slaves. Now, we are risking everything to go there voluntarily. This reflects a failure of leadership among African governments.

My advice to young people is this: focus on education, skill-building, and discipline.

The more skilled and educated you are, the better your prospects abroad and the more valuable you’ll be to Uganda as well. Skilled individuals tend to secure better jobs, earn higher incomes, and send more substantial remittances back home.

However, if someone struggles to succeed in Uganda due to personal shortcomings like indiscipline or lack of effort, those issues won’t magically disappear abroad.

For example, if you misuse opportunities in Uganda, you might face similar challenges elsewhere, whether in Saudi Arabia, China, or the U.S. Success requires universal values like hard work, honesty, and discipline, regardless of location.

While there may be more opportunities abroad in certain fields, success ultimately depends on individual effort and values.

My advice is to prepare yourself thoroughly before seeking opportunities, whether at home or abroad.

Before we wrap up, do you have any final thoughts on how Uganda can better engage its diaspora?

Yes. Uganda needs to view its diaspora as partners in development rather than just a source of money. This requires a mindset shift, both at the government level and within our communities.

Policies should focus on creating mutual benefits, ensuring that diaspora Ugandans feel valued and supported.

Transparency, accountability, and regular engagement are key.

If we get this right, the diaspora can play an even bigger role in shaping Uganda’s future.